(): disgrace, dishonor, to insult

() is a Chinese character meaning “disgrace.” Classified as HSK Level 7-9 (HSK 3.0 Standard, CLEC 2022), it is composed of (structural) and (structural). It ranks #1885 in character frequency (SUBTLEX-CH corpus).

Native pronunciation

Definitions

  1. disgrace
  2. dishonor
  3. to insult

Stroke Order

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Practice writing with real-time feedback — trace each stroke in the correct order and build muscle memory in the HanziFeed app.

Words & Compounds

Common Compounds

WordPinyinMeaning
wǔ rǔto insult
xiū rǔto humiliate
chǐ rǔdisgrace
rǔ màto insult
qū rǔto humiliate
wū rǔto humiliate
shòu rǔinsulted
líng rǔto insult
qí chǐ dà rǔ(idiom) a great humiliation
rěn rǔ fù zhòngto endure humiliation as part of an important mission (idiom)
róng rǔ yǔ gòng(of friends or partners) to share both the honor and the disgrace (idiom)
sàng quán rǔ guóto forfeit sovereignty and humiliate the country (idiom)
róng rǔhonor and disgrace
zì qǔ qí rǔ(idiom) to embarrass oneself
rěn rǔ qiú quánto endure humiliation to preserve unity
28
Total compounds
7
As first character
68
As last character
25
As middle character

appears in 28 compound words: 7 as the first character, 68 as the last, and 25 in a middle position. Compound statistics computed from SUBTLEX-CH and HSK 3.0 vocabulary data.

Strongest Collocations

Characters that most frequently co-occur with in natural Chinese text, ranked by NPMI (Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information) — a statistical measure of association strength.

0.86226,697 co-occurrences
xiū
0.75114,568 co-occurrences
0.6774,590 co-occurrences
chǐ
0.6724,176 co-occurrences
0.5544,338 co-occurrences
líng
0.5074,830 co-occurrences
fěi
0.468306 co-occurrences
ōu
0.460462 co-occurrences
bàng
0.453294 co-occurrences
rěn
0.4502,118 co-occurrences

Idioms & Chengyu (10)

qíchǐdàrǔHSK 7+

deep humiliation and outrageous shame

phrase
rěnrǔfùzhòngHSK 7+

to endure or tolerate humiliation to accomplish an important task

phrase
rěn rǔ qiú quánHSK 7+

to endure humiliation to preserve unity

phrase
rěnrǔtōushēngHSK 7+

to endure humiliation in order to remain alive

phrase
róngrùyǔgòngHSK 7+

highly intertwined; to share honor and disgrace together

phrase
sàngquánrǔguóHSK 7+

to cause the country to lose its sovereignty and be humiliated

phrase
zìqǔqírǔHSK 7+

to bring humiliation on oneself

phrase
hán gòu rěn rǔHSK 7+

(idiom) to bear shame and humiliation

phrase
rěn rǔ hán gòuHSK 7+

see 含垢忍辱[han2 gou4 ren3 ru3]

phrase

Showing 9 of 10 idioms containing .

Example Sentences

AI-Generated

老师教我们字的发音和笔顺。

lǎo shī jiào wǒ men rǔ zì de fā yīn hé bǐ shùn .

The teacher taught us the pronunciation and stroke order of the character "辱."

大紀元 | 大紀元新聞網Mar 2026

河北一场演出中歌手遭观众骂后用话筒打人

hé běi yī chǎng yǎn chū zhōng gē shǒu zāo guàn zhòng rǔ mà hòu yòng huà tǒng dǎ rén

At a concert in Hebei, a singer struck a member of the audience with a microphone after being verbally abused

中時新聞網Mar 2026

高雄某国小爆家长闯校冲突 涉掐脖骂学童遭送办

gāo xióng mǒu guó xiǎo bào jiā cháng chuǎng jiào chōng tū shè qiā bó rǔ mà xué tóng zāo sòng bàn

A parent stormed into a Kaohsiung elementary school, leading to a confrontation; the individual was referred to authorities for allegedly choking and verbally abusing a student

Hk01.comFeb 2026

...沦为政治斗争的廉价工具,是这代台湾人的耻

. . . 沦 wéi zhèng zhì dǒu zhēng de lián jià gōng jù , shì zhè dài tái wān rén de chǐ rǔ

... It is a shame for this generation of Taiwanese to become a cheap tool for political struggle

EttodayFeb 2026

...月付3万打发”罹癌经纪人又被惹火:这是侮

. . . yuè fù 3 wàn dǎ fā 罹 ái jīng jì rén yòu bèi rě huǒ : zhè shì wǔ rǔ

... Pay 30,000 yuan a month to send "the agent with cancer was angry again: this is an insult."

Nownews今日新聞Feb 2026

GD故意华?拜年不讲Chinese New Ye...

G D gù yì rǔ huá ? bài nián bù jiǎng C h i n e s e N e w Y e . . .

GD deliberately insulted China? New Year's greetings don't talk about Chinese New Ye...

Tatoeba

我觉得士可杀不可

Wǒ juéde shì kě shā bù kě rǔ.

I think death is preferable to shame.

Tatoeba

我不是想要羞你。

Wǒ bù shì xiǎng yào xiūrǔ nǐ.

I didn't want to humiliate you.

Tatoeba

汤姆没想侮谁。

Tāngmǔ méi xiǎng wǔrǔ shéi.

Tom didn't mean to insult anybody.

Character Family

Radical Family — Characters sharing the morning radical

Related Characters

Homophones — Characters pronounced

Frequently Asked Questions

What does 辱 (rǔ) mean in Chinese?
辱 (rǔ) primarily means "disgrace." It is classified as HSK Level 7-9, making it an expert-level character. It ranks #1885 in character frequency.
How many strokes does 辱 have?
辱 is written with 10 strokes. The correct stroke order matters for recognition and handwriting speed — practice with the animated guide above to build proper technique.
What is the radical of 辱?
The radical associated with 辱 is 辰 (morning). This radical appears in many characters related to morning.
What are the components of 辱?
辱 is composed of: 辰 (structural), 寸 (structural). Its IDS decomposition is ⿸辰寸 with a surround-from-upper-left layout. Understanding the components helps with both memorization and recognizing related characters.
What are common words containing 辱?
Common words with 辱 include: 侮辱 (wǔ rǔ, "to insult"); 羞辱 (xiū rǔ, "to humiliate"); 耻辱 (chǐ rǔ, "disgrace"); 辱骂 (rǔ mà, "to insult"); 屈辱 (qū rǔ, "to humiliate"). There are over 28 compound words containing this character.
What characters sound the same as 辱 (rǔ)?
Several characters share the pronunciation rǔ: 如 (as, if), 儒 (scholar), 乳 ((bound form) breast), 入 (to enter). Context and tones help distinguish between them in speech and writing.
Is 辱 the same in simplified and traditional Chinese?
Yes, 辱 is written the same way in both simplified and traditional Chinese.

Practice writing with real-time feedback

Trace stroke sequences, hear native pronunciation, and build lasting retention with spaced repetition in the HanziFeed app.

Character data sourced from Unihan (Unicode Consortium), SUBTLEX-CH frequency corpus (Cai & Brysbaert, 2010), and Make Me a Hanzi (stroke data). Collocation strength measured via NPMI (Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information). Verified by the HanziFeed linguistics team.

HSK classification follows the HSK 3.0 Standard (Center for Language Education and Cooperation, CLEC, 2022 revision). Idiom data from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Data last verified: March 2026.