除 (chú): to get rid of, to remove, to exclude

除 (chú) is a Chinese character meaning “to get rid of.” Classified as HSK Level 3 (HSK 3.0 Standard, CLEC 2022), it is composed of 阝 (structural) and 余 (structural). It ranks #464 in character frequency (SUBTLEX-CH corpus).

Etymologically derived, 除 the waste 余 produced by a city 阝. Its radical form 阝 (mound) appears in many related characters such as 那 (nà, (specifier) that), 都 (dōu, all), 院 (yuàn, courtyard).

Spoken pronunciation

Definitions

  1. to get rid of
  2. to remove
  3. to exclude

Etymology & Origin

除

ideographicThe waste 余 produced by a city 阝

Decomposition: ⿰阝余 (layout: left-right)

Stroke Order

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Practice writing 除 with real-time feedback — trace each stroke in the correct order and build muscle memory in the HanziFeed app.

Words & Compounds

HSK Vocabulary with 除

WordPinyinMeaningHSK
除了prepositionchú leapart from3
除非conjunctionchú fēionly if (..., or otherwise, ...)6
排除verbpái chúto eliminate6
消除verbxiāo chúto eliminate6
删除verbshān chúto delete5
拆除verbchāi chúto tear down6
除夕nounchú xīlunar New Year's Eve5

Common Compounds

WordPinyinMeaning
开除verbkāi chúto expel (a member of an organization)
解除verbjiě chúto remove
除掉verbchú diàoto eliminate
清除verbqīng chúto clear away
切除verbqiē chúto excise
除此之外conjunctionchú cǐ zhī wàiapart from this
除去verbchú qùto eliminate
废除verbfèi chúto abolish
铲除verbchǎn chúto root out
去除verbqù chúto remove
除外verbchú wàito exclude
免除verbmiǎn chúto prevent
摘除verbzhāi chúto excise
扣除verbkòu chúto deduct
除名verbchú míngto strike off (the rolls)
100
Total compounds
39
As first character
54
As last character
7
As middle character

除 appears in 100 compound words: 39 as the first character, 54 as the last, and 7 in a middle position. Compound statistics computed from SUBTLEX-CH and HSK 3.0 vocabulary data.

Strongest Collocations

Characters that most frequently co-occur with 除 in natural Chinese text, ranked by NPMI (Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information) — a statistical measure of association strength.

拆chāi
0.67554,336 co-occurrences
删shān
0.61113,823 co-occurrences
醛quán
0.60322 co-occurrences
废fèi
0.59624,440 co-occurrences
斑bān
0.59250 co-occurrences
了le
0.554217,238 co-occurrences
剔tī
0.5023,032 co-occurrences
铲chǎn
0.4941,260 co-occurrences
解jiě
0.47840,384 co-occurrences
消xiāo
0.46423,630 co-occurrences

Idioms & Chengyu (13)

除暴安良chúbào'ānliángHSK 5+

to eliminate the violent criminals and comfort the law-abiding mass

phrase
除此之外chúcǐzhīwàiHSK 4+

apart from this; in addition to this

除恶务尽chú'èwùjìnHSK 6+

one must be thorough in eradicating the evil

phrase
除旧布新chújiùbùxīnHSK 5+

to demolish the old and establish the new

phrase
除旧更新chú jiù gēng xīnHSK 3+

to replace the old with new (idiom)

phrase
加减乘除jiājiǎn chéngchúHSK 4+

addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; arithmetic operations

noun
剪草除根jiǎn cǎo chú gēnHSK 5+

lit. cut grass and pull out roots (idiom); fig. to destroy root and branch; to eradicate

phrase
排除万难pái chú wàn nánHSK 4+

to overcome all obstacles; to overcome countless difficulties

phrase
扫除天下sǎo chú tiān xiàHSK 3+

(idiom) to re-establish order throughout the empire

phrase
为民除害wèi mín chú hàiHSK 4+

(idiom) to rid the people of a scourge

phrase
兴利除弊xīng lì chú bìHSK 7+

to promote what is useful and get rid of what is harmful (idiom)

phrase
斩草除根zhǎncǎochúgēnHSK 7+

to root out; to nip in the bud; to eliminate completely

phrase

Showing 12 of 13 idioms containing 除.

Example Sentences

AI-Generated

除了周末,他每天晚上都会去健身房锻炼。

Chú le zhōumò, tā měitiān wǎnshang dōu huì qù jiànshēnfáng duànliàn.

Except for weekends, he goes to the gym to exercise every evening.

99 健康网Feb 2026

有乳腺增生怎么办能消除吗?“消除”不现实,“控制”是目标

yǒu rǔ xiàn zēng shēng zěn má bàn néng xiāo chú ma ? xiāo chú bù xiàn shí , kòng zhì shì mù biāo

What should I do if there is breast hyperplasia, can it be eliminated?" elimination" is unrealistic, and "control" is the goal

公視新聞網 PnnFeb 2026

系统遭骇不排除顾客资料外流 圆山大饭店启动应变机制

xì tǒng zāo hài bù pái chú gù kè zī liào wài liú yuán shān dà fàn diàn qǐ dòng yīng biàn jī zhì

The system was hacked and the leakage of customer data was not ruled out, and the Grand Hotel launched a contingency mechanism

百度新闻Feb 2026

...层丨9年前带3岁女儿开出租车的单亲妈妈,除..

. . . céng 丨 nián qián dài suì nǚ ér kāi chū zū chē de shàn qīn mā mā , chú . .

... The single mom who drove a cab with her 3-year-old daughter nine years ago, except...

百度新闻Feb 2026

守护万家灯火,90后山东小伙的萧山变电站除夕夜

shǒu hù mò jiā dēng huǒ , hòu shān dōng xiǎo huǒ de xiāo shān biàn diàn zhàn chú xī yè

Guarding the Lights of a Million Homes: A Shao Xian Substation's New Year's Eve for a Post-90s Shandong Youth

百度新闻Feb 2026

豆包除夕AI互动19亿次

dòu bāo chú xī hù dòng yì cì

Doubao's Lunar New Year Eve AI Interaction Hits 1.9 Billion Times

Tatoeba

除了钢琴以外,还会玩什么乐器吗?

Chúle gāngqín yǐwài, hái huì wán shénme yuèqì ma?

Do you play any instrument other than the piano?

Tatoeba

你有除锈的东西吗?

Nǐ yǒu chú xiù de dōngxi ma?

Do you have anything to remove stains?

Tatoeba

你知道怎么恢复已删除的文件吗?

Nǐ zhīdào zěnme huīfù yǐ shānchú de wénjiàn ma?

Do you know how to recover a deleted file?

Tatoeba

你可不可以帮忙除草浇花?

Nǐ kě bù kěyǐ bāngmáng chú cǎo jiāo huā?

Could you please pull the weeds and water the flowers?

Character Family

Homophones — Characters pronounced chú

Frequently Asked Questions

What does 除 (chú) mean in Chinese?
除 (chú) primarily means "to get rid of." It is classified as HSK Level 3, making it a beginner-level character. It ranks #464 in character frequency.
How many strokes does 除 have?
除 is written with 9 strokes. The correct stroke order matters for recognition and handwriting speed — practice with the animated guide above to build proper technique.
What is the radical of 除?
The radical associated with 除 is 阝 (mound). This radical appears in many characters related to mound.
What are the components of 除?
除 is composed of: 阝 (structural), 余 (structural). Its IDS decomposition is ⿰阝余 with a left-right layout. Understanding the components helps with both memorization and recognizing related characters.
What are common words containing 除?
Common words with 除 include: 除了 (chú le, "apart from"); 除非 (chú fēi, "only if (..., or otherwise, ...)"); 开除 (kāi chú, "to expel (a member of an organization)"); 排除 (pái chú, "to eliminate"); 解除 (jiě chú, "to remove"). There are over 100 compound words containing this character.
What characters sound the same as 除 (chú)?
Several characters share the pronunciation chú: 出 (to go out), 处 (to reside), 初 (beginning), 楚 (distinct), and 6 more. Context and tones help distinguish between them in speech and writing.
Is 除 the same in simplified and traditional Chinese?
Yes, 除 is written the same way in both simplified and traditional Chinese.

Practice writing 除 with real-time feedback

Trace stroke sequences, hear spoken pronunciation, and build lasting retention with spaced repetition in the HanziFeed app.

Character data sourced from Unihan (Unicode Consortium), SUBTLEX-CH frequency corpus (Cai & Brysbaert, 2010), and Make Me a Hanzi (stroke data). Collocation strength measured via NPMI (Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information). Verified by the HanziFeed linguistics team.

HSK classification follows the HSK 3.0 Standard (Center for Language Education and Cooperation, CLEC, 2022 revision). Idiom data from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Data last verified: March 2026.