(mào): trade

(mào) is a Chinese character meaning “trade.” Classified as HSK Level 6 (HSK 3.0 Standard, CLEC 2022), it is composed of (phonetic) and (semantic). It ranks #1091 in character frequency (SUBTLEX-CH corpus).

Etymologically derived, money. Its radical form (shell) appears in many related characters such as (guì, abbr. for Guizhou Province 貴州|贵州[Gui4 zhou1]), (, to bear), (, responsibility).

Native pronunciation

Definitions

  1. trade

Etymology & Origin

pictophoneticmoney

Decomposition: ⿱卯贝 (layout: top-bottom)

Stroke Order

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Practice writing with real-time feedback — trace each stroke in the correct order and build muscle memory in the HanziFeed app.

Words & Compounds

HSK Vocabulary with

WordPinyinMeaningHSK
nounmào yì(commercial) trade6

Common Compounds

WordPinyinMeaning
shì màoWorld Trade Organization (WTO)
mào ránrashly
nóng mào shì chǎngwet market
shāng màotrade and commerce
wài màoforeign trade
mào yì évolume of trade (between countries)
shì mào zǔ zhīWTO (World Trade Organization)
shì jiè mào yì zǔ zhīWorld Trade Organization (WTO)
jīng màoeconomy and trade (abbr. for 經濟貿易|经济贸易[jing1 ji4 mao4 yi4])
guó jiā jūn pǐn mào yì guǎn lǐ wěi yuán huìState Administration Committee on Military Products Trade (SACMPT)
shǒu dū jīng mào dà xuéCapital University of Business and Economics, Beijing
duì wài jīng jì mào yì dà xuéUniversity of International Business and Economics
广guǎng dōng wài yǔ wài mào dà xuéGuangdong University of Foreign Studies
shǒu dū jīng jì mào yì dà xuéCapital University of Economics and Business (Beijing)
shì jiè mào yì zhōng xīnWorld Trade Center
56
Total compounds
27
As first character
16
As last character
57
As middle character

appears in 56 compound words: 27 as the first character, 16 as the last, and 57 in a middle position. Compound statistics computed from SUBTLEX-CH and HSK 3.0 vocabulary data.

Strongest Collocations

Characters that most frequently co-occur with in natural Chinese text, ranked by NPMI (Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information) — a statistical measure of association strength.

0.767152,636 co-occurrences
ōu
0.47917 co-occurrences
huǒ
0.4683,228 co-occurrences
0.46610,908 co-occurrences
é
0.4574,938 co-occurrences
shāng
0.45518,126 co-occurrences
jīng
0.45419,866 co-occurrences
0.437762 co-occurrences
xié
0.4336,395 co-occurrences
0.4337,122 co-occurrences

Idioms & Chengyu (9)

duìwài màoyìHSK 6+

foreign trade; external trade

noun
guójì màoyìHSK 6+

international trade

noun
mào yì nì chāHSK 7+

trade deficit; adverse trade balance

phrase
màoyì shùnchāHSK 6+

trade surplus

noun
mào yì xié dìngHSK 6+

trade agreement

phrase
shìmào zǔzhīHSK 6+

World Trade Organization (WTO)

shuāng biān mào yìHSK 6+

bilateral trade

phrase
wài mào xié huìHSK 6+

Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA), abbr. for 中華民國對外貿易發展協會|中华民国对外贸易发展协会

phrase
wú xíng mào yìHSK 6+

invisibles (trade)

phrase

Example Sentences

AI-Generated

国际易促进了各国经济的发展。

Guójì màoyì cùjìn le gè guó jīngjì de fāzhǎn.

International trade promotes the economic development of various countries.

NewsFeb 2026

易代表:关税裁决不影响中美易协议 也不...

měi mào yì dài biǎo guān shuì cái jué bù yǐng xiǎng zhōng měi mào yì xié yì yě bù . . .

U.S. Trade Representative: Tariff ruling does not affect U.S.-China trade agreement nor...

NewsFeb 2026

易代表:尚无任何国家说退出关税协议

měi mào yì dài biǎo shàng wú rèn hé guó jiā shuō tuì chū guān shuì xié yì

U.S. Trade Representative: No country has yet indicated it will withdraw from the tariff agreement.

NewsFeb 2026

美财长:与易夥伴联系 各国盼维持既有关税协议

měi cái cháng yǔ mào yì 夥 bàn lián xì gè guó pàn wéi chí jì yǒu guān shuì xié yì

U.S. Treasury Secretary: Engaging with Trade Partners, Countries Hope to Maintain Existing Tariff Agreements

NewsFeb 2026

川普:加征15%关税立即生效 全球易重返不确定性时代

chuān pǔ jiā zhēng guān shuì lì jí shēng xiào quán qiú mào yì chóng fǎn bù què dìng xìng shí dài

Trump: 15% Tariffs Take Effect Immediately, Global Trade Returns to Era of Uncertainty

NewsFeb 2026

经济日报社论/台美对等易协定的误判与修正

jīng jì rì bào shè lùn tái měi duì děng mào yì xié dìng de wù pàn yǔ xiū zhèng

Economic Daily Editorial: The Miscalculation and Correction of the Taiwan-U.S. Reciprocal Trade Agreement

Tatoeba

台币上涨,造成台湾的出口易萎靡不振。

Táibì shàngzhǎng, zàochéng Táiwān de chūkǒu màoyì wěimǐbùzhèn.

The Taiwanese dollar appreciated, causing Taiwanese exports to slump.

Tatoeba

丝绸之路形成的初衷并非是易。

Sīchóuzhī Lù xíngchéng de chūzhōng bìngfēi shì màoyì.

The original purpose of the Silk Road was not for trade.

Tatoeba

战争结束之后易障碍被解除。

Zhànzhēng jiéshù zhīhòu màoyì zhàng'ài bèi jiěchú.

Trade barriers were lifted after the war ended.

Tatoeba

请问你们几位是美国易代表团的吗?

Qǐngwèn nǐmen jǐ wèi shì Měiguó màoyì dàibiǎotuán de ma?

Are some of you from the US trade delegation?

Character Family

Homophones — Characters pronounced mào

Frequently Asked Questions

What does 贸 (mào) mean in Chinese?
贸 (mào) primarily means "trade." It is classified as HSK Level 6, making it an advanced character. It ranks #1091 in character frequency.
What's the difference between 贸 and 聊?
贸 (mào) and 聊 (liáo) are often confused. confusable. The key distinguishing feature: 贝 vs 耳 (same 卯 component).
How many strokes does 贸 have?
贸 is written with 12 strokes. The correct stroke order matters for recognition and handwriting speed — practice with the animated guide above to build proper technique.
What is the radical of 贸?
The radical associated with 贸 is 贝 (shell). This radical appears in many characters related to shell.
What are the components of 贸?
贸 is composed of: 卯 (phonetic), 贝 (semantic). Its IDS decomposition is ⿱卯贝 with a top-bottom layout. Understanding the components helps with both memorization and recognizing related characters.
What are common words containing 贸?
Common words with 贸 include: 贸易 (mào yì, "(commercial) trade"); 世贸 (shì mào, "World Trade Organization (WTO)"); 贸然 (mào rán, "rashly"); 农贸市场 (nóng mào shì chǎng, "wet market"); 商贸 (shāng mào, "trade and commerce"). There are over 56 compound words containing this character.
What characters sound the same as 贸 (mào)?
Several characters share the pronunciation mào: 猫 (cat (CL:隻|只[zhi1])), 毛 (hair), 矛 (spear), 茅 (reeds), and 4 more. Context and tones help distinguish between them in speech and writing.
Is 贸 the same in simplified and traditional Chinese?
No. The simplified form is 贸 and the traditional form is 貿.

Practice writing with real-time feedback

Trace stroke sequences, hear native pronunciation, and build lasting retention with spaced repetition in the HanziFeed app.

Character data sourced from Unihan (Unicode Consortium), SUBTLEX-CH frequency corpus (Cai & Brysbaert, 2010), and Make Me a Hanzi (stroke data). Collocation strength measured via NPMI (Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information). Verified by the HanziFeed linguistics team.

HSK classification follows the HSK 3.0 Standard (Center for Language Education and Cooperation, CLEC, 2022 revision). Idiom data from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Data last verified: March 2026.